Optimisation for the whole system

I read an article, Redesign: Fresh approach aids mission to curb emissions on Financial Times.

One interviewee told that we need to think the optimisation of the whole system in terms of ecology. That point of view is interesting. Partial optimisations happen quite often. It might be a side effect of the way of thinking of traditional capitalism (I hope capitalism is getting better anyway). I think usually we are told to get expertise, to focus on something for our career. Then of course it is quite easy to lose the point of view from the whole system.

Who plays the role? Your boss, yourself or someone else? Can it be designers as some "design thinking" advocates insist? There may be various ways. Someone can take the position, or proper collaboration can broaden your point of view.